我国是钢铁生产和消费大国, 粗钢产量连续13年居世界第一。进入21世纪以来, 我国钢铁产业快速发展, 粗钢产量年均增长21.1%。2008年, 粗钢产量达到5亿吨, 占全球产量的38%, 国内粗钢表观消费量4.53亿吨, 直接出口折合粗钢6000万吨, 占世界钢铁贸易量的15%。2007年, 规模以上钢铁企业完成工业增加值9936亿元, 占全国GDP的4%, 实现利润2436亿元, 占工业企业利润总额的9%, 直接从事钢铁生产的就业人数358万。钢铁产品基本满足国内需要, 部分关键品种达到国际先进水平。钢铁产业有力支撑和带动了相关产业的发展, 促进了社会就业, 对保障国民经济又好又快发展做出了重要贡献专业翻译。
Many iron and steel are produced and consumed in China. The output of crude steel has been ranked the first in the world for thirteen consecutive years. At stage of 21st century, rapid development has been made in China’s iron and steel industry with 21.1% growth of crude steel output. In 2008, output of crude steel was up to 500 million tons, which accounted for 38 percent of global output for crude steel; domestic apparent consumption of crude steel was up to 453 million tons; conversion into crude steel due to direct export was up to 60 million tons, which accounted for 15 percent of iron and steel trade volume in the world. In 2007, completion of RMB Yuan 993.6 million of industrial value added is made by large-scale iron and steel works, which accounted for 4 percent of national GDP of China. Realization of RMB Yuan 243.6 million was made for profits, accounting for 9 percent of total profits of industrial enterprises; there were 3.58 million of employees who directly engage into production of iron and steel. The output of iron and steel can basically meet domestic requirements and partial key products have reached international advanced level. The iron and steel industry has strongly supported and motivated development of related industries, which has promoted creation of employment and has significantly contributed to ensure sound and rapid development of national economy.
但是, 钢铁产业长期粗放发展积累的矛盾日益突出。一是盲目投资严重, 产能总量过剩。截至2008年底, 我国粗钢产能达到6.6亿吨, 超出实际需求约1亿吨。二是创新能力不强, 先进生产技术、高端产品研发和应用还主要依靠引进和模仿, 一些高档关键品种钢材仍需大量进口, 消费结构处于中低档水平。三是产业布局不合理, 大部分钢铁企业分布在内陆地区的大中型城市, 受到环境容量、水资源、运输条件、能源供应等因素的严重制约。四是产业集中度低, 粗钢生产企业平均规模不足100万吨, 排名前5位的企业钢产量仅占全国总量的28.5%。五是资源控制力弱, 国内铁矿资源禀赋低, 自给率不足50%。六是流通秩序混乱。钢铁产品经销商超过15万家, 投机经营倾向较重深圳英语翻译。
However, the contradiction due to long-term extensive development of iron and steel industry is becoming increasingly conspicuous. 1. The total output is oversupplied due to serious indiscriminate investment. As of end of Year 2008, the China’s output of crude steel has been reached up to 660 million tons, exceeding actual needs by 100 million tons. 2. The capacity for independent innovation is weak. State-of-the-art technology as well as R&D and application of high-end product still rely on bringing in and simulation. Some top-grade key steel variants need to numerously be imported still. The consumption pattern still remains low and medium level. 3. Industrial layout is unreasonable. Most of iron and steel works are distributed in medium and large cities within inland areas with serious constraint by such factors as environmental capacity, water resources, transportation conditions, and supply of energy source etc. 4. The industry concentration degree is low. The average scale of crude steel making works is less than one million tons. The steel output of top 5 iron and steel works accounts for 28.5 percent of the national total only. 5. The dominance to resources is weak. The resource endowment of national iron ore is low. Self-sufficient rate is less than 50 percent. 6. The circulation is disorder. There are more than 150,000 dealers of iron and steel, more of which mainly tend to operating speculation.